Dieren en lyme en andere tekenziekten

[vonneke]

WHG Dierenartsen over de ziekte van Lyme bij honden :

http://www.whgdierenartsen.nl/html/docdb.asp?id=499

[vonneke]

Bijna zou de veelvraat in het dierenpark in München zelf het slachtoffer van een vraatzuchtige aanvaller geworden zijn. 123 teken hadden zich stevig op het lichaam van het kleine roofdier vast gebeten - en als de direkteur de veelvraat niet aan een infuus gelegd had zou deze het niet hebben overleefd.
Zelfs veel minder dan de record-123 teken kan voor dieren een probleem zijn.

http://www.sueddeutsche.de/f5m38o/30107 ... -Katz.html

Beinahe wäre der Vielfraß im Münchner Tierpark Hellabrunn selbst das Opfer eines gefräßigen Angreifers geworden. 123 Zecken hatten sich am Körper des kleinen Raubtiers festgebissen - und wenn Zoodirektor Henning Wiesner dem geplagten Vielfraß nicht eine Infusion gelegt hätte, hätte dieser die Attacke wohl nicht überlebt. Denn schon weit weniger als die rekordverdächtigen 123 Zecken können für Tiere zum Problem werden.

[vonneke]

http://www.wxow.com/Global/story.asp?S=10944566


New canine Lyme Disease vaccine

LA CROSSE, Wisconsin (WXOW)---The vaccine is called Nobivac Lyme, and it's purpose is to prevent dogs from contracting lyme disease, which can be potentially fatal.

The vaccine targets two key outer surface proteins involved in the transmission of canine lyme disease. It induces the production of highly specific antibodies used to fight off the disease.

Dr. Steve Callister, Gundersen Lutheran says, "What this does is you actually vaccinate the dog during the beginning of the tick season and the dog's immune system develops an appropriate response to prevent that animal from becoming infected with the lyme disease organisms for one full tick season."

The USDA approved the vaccine June first...While other canine lyme disease vaccines exist, Nobivac Lyme is proven one of the most effective on the market.

Dr. Callister says, "This new generation product sugnificantly increases the effictiveness and I think in the clinical studies we've done, we've seen virtually a 100% effectiveness rate for up to a year."

The vaccine works by blending two killed whole organisms together, causing the dog to develop a protective response.

While Lyme disease vaccines have been created in the past to treat humans, they have since been pulled off the market...there has not been a vaccine proven effective in preventing the disease long-term in humans.

Dr. Callister says, "When you think about it, dogs are much more exposed than humans. It's not uncommon for animals that spend anytime in the woods to receive multiple tick bites, so their risk of acquiring the illness is certainly much more than the risk to humans."

The vaccine took Dr. Callister's team six years to develop along with a Netherlands animal health clinic.

[vonneke]

Leidraad III - Infectieuze aandoeningen- teekgerelateerd :

http://www.icttd.nl/fileadmin/user_uplo ... D_2008.pdf

[vonneke]

De Auwaldzecke (Dermacentor reticulatus) verspreidt zich.

Deze teek kan bij honden Babesiose veroorzaken met klachten als verstoorde algemene conditie, koorts, verlies van eetlust en gewichtsverlies, donker gekleurde urine.

Onbehandeld, leidt de ziekte vaak binnen enkele dagen tot de dood van de hond als gevolg van kortademigheid, bloedarmoede en / of nierfalen

http://www.lwf.bayern.de/wald-und-gesel ... /index.php

http://www.lwf.bayern.de/veroeffentlich ... ch-aus.pdf

Die Auwaldzecke breitet sich aus

Noch vor 30 bis 40 Jahren galt die Auwaldzecke (Dermacentor reticulatus) in Deutschland als Rarität. In den letzten zehn Jahren wurde diese Spezies in Deutschland jedoch häufig nachgewiesen. Im Zuge der Klimaerwärmung breitet sie sich immer weiter nach Norden aus. Während von dem ebenfalls zu den Zecken zählenden Gemeinen Holzbock auch für den Menschen eine große gesundheitliche Gefährdung ausgeht, hat der Mensch von der Auwaldzecke wenig zu befürchten, denn sie sticht ihn äußerst selten. Sehr gefährlich kann ein Stich der Auwaldzecke jedoch für Hunde sein, ist diese Zeckenart doch ein potentieller Überträger der Hundemalaria

In der Vergangenheit war die Auwaldzecke (Dermacentor reticulatus) in Deutschland ausgesprochen selten. Heute dürfte sie nach dem Gemeinen Holzbock (Ixodes ricinus) die zweithäufigste Zecke sein, die besonders auf größeren Säugern wie Rot-, Reh- und Damwild, aber auch auf Hunden zu finden ist. Für Letztere kann der Stich sogar lebensgefährlich sein, denn die Auwaldzecke ist ein potentieller Überträger (»Vektorzecke«) von Babesia canis canis, dem Erreger der Hundebabesiose oder auch Hundemalaria.

Typische Krankheitssymptome beim Hund, die meist fünf bis sieben Tage nach einem Stich der Auwaldzecke auftreten, sind gestörtes Allgemeinbefinden, Fieber, Fressunlust und Gewichtsverlust. Auch dunkel gefärbter Harn kann zu beobachten sein, denn die Babesien befallen die roten Blutkörperchen. Der massenhafte Zerfall befallener roter Blutkörperchen führt zu einer Gelbsucht, die die Nieren stark belastet. Werden solche Symptome nach einem Zeckenstich beobachtet, sollte unverzüglich ein Tierarzt aufgesucht werden. Unbehandelt führt die Krankheit häufig innerhalb weniger Tage zum Tod des Hundes auf Grund von Atemnot, Blutarmut und/oder Nierenversagen. Nach neueren Untersuchungen kann die Auwaldzecke mit ihrem Stich noch weitere Erreger übertragen, insbesondere Bakterien der Gattung Rickettsia (z. B. R. helvetica und R. raoultii). Allerdings ist noch nicht ganz geklärt, inwieweit diese Bakterien auch Krankheiten auslösen können. Dagegen dürfte die Auwaldzecke kein Überträger der weit verbreiteten Lyme-Borreliose sein. Stiche kommen beim Menschen zudem relativ selten vor.

Autochtone Babesiose bij de hond in Nederland geassocieerd met lokale Dermacentor reticulatus teken :


http://www.knmvd.nl/uri/?uri=AMGATE_736 ... 1301505562




Dermacentor reticulatus wanders north and upwards :


http://www.advantix.info/News.1202.0.ht ... 9f867ee0a8

[vonneke]

Power Point Presentatie : What, when and why in the laboratory diagnostics of Lyme Borreliosis of dogs :

http://www.rhonevet.hu/content/File/Bal ... nlapra.pdf

[vonneke]

On Anaplasma in Horses :

http://diss-epsilon.slu.se:8080/archive ... 1.2008.pdf

[vonneke]

Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010 Mar 10. [Epub ahead of print]

Humoral Immune Response in Dogs Naturally Infected with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and in Dogs after Immunization with a Borrelia Vaccine.

Leschnik MW, Kirtz G, Khanakah G, Duscher G, Leidinger E, Thalhammer JG, Joachim A, Stanek G.

Medical Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Parasitology Vienna, Veterinary University Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; InVitro Laboratory for Veterinary Diagnostic and Hygiene, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; Department for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1095 Vienna, Austria.

Lyme arthritis in dogs can be induced under experimental and natural conditions. However, the veterinary relevance of canine borreliosis is still under extensive investigation. The prevalence of symptoms is clearly low although the risk of tick exposure is high. Current research focuses on case definitions, methods for diagnosing clinical disease in dogs, and discrimination between an immune response to a natural infection versus vaccination. In this experimental study, 23 dogs raised under tick-free conditions were allocated to two groups: 11 dogs were vaccinated with a commercial borrelia vaccine and subsequently developed detectable antibody titers; 12 were walked in a tick-endemic area on two consecutive days. On day five after exposure engorged ticks were removed from the 12 dogs and analyzed for Borrelia DNA in real-time PCR assay. Blood samples were taken before exposure/vaccination and at defined time points thereafter. Antibody responses were evaluated using IFAT and Western blot. Seven dogs from which Borrelia-positive ticks were removed seroconverted and developed an individual immune response. Blood and urine samples taken from the tick-exposed group at weeks 1 and 3 for real-time PCR analysis and culture were always negative for bacterial DNA. In conclusion, despite serological evidence of infection/immunization no clinical signs of disease were observed. The antibody patterns in a single Western blot did not permit differentiation between the different sources of antigen (vaccine vs. natural infection). However repeated Western blots may be useful for confirmation of infection or vaccination status as time course of specific antibodies levels seem to be different.

PMID: 20219882

[vonneke]

Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010 Mar 17. [Epub ahead of print]

One-Year Duration of Immunity Induced by Vaccination with a Canine Lyme Disease Bacterin.

Lafleur RL, Callister SM, Dant JC, Jobe DA, Lovrich SD, Warner TF, Wasmoen TL, Schell RF.

Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health Corporation, Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022; Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin, and University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.

Laboratory-reared beagles were vaccinated with placebo or a bacterin comprised of Borrelia burgdorferi S-1-10 and ospA(-)/ospB(-) B. burgdorferi 50772 and challenged after one year with B. burgdorferi-infected Ixodes scapularis ticks. In the placebo-recipients, spirochetes were recovered from 9 (60%) skin biopsies collected after 1 month, and the organisms persisted in the skin thereafter. Ten (67%) dogs also developed joint infection (3 dogs), lameness or synovitis (7 dogs), or B. burgdorferi-specific antibodies (8 dogs). In the vaccine-recipients, spirochetes were recovered from 6 (40%) skin biopsies collected after 1 month. However, subsequent biopsies were negative, and the dogs failed to develop joint infection (p = 0.224), lameness/synovitis (p = 0.006), or Lyme disease-specific antibody responses (p = 0.002). The bacterin provided a high level of protection for 1 year after immunization, and the addition of the OspC-producing B. burgdorferi 50772 provided enhanced protection.

PMID: 20237200

[vonneke]

http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/3/1/34

Abstract (provisional)

Background
With the import of pets and pets taken abroad, arthropod-borne diseases have increased in frequency in German veterinary practices. This is reflected by 4,681 dogs that have been either travelled to or relocated from endemic areas to Germany. The case history of these dogs and the laboratory findings have been compared with samples collected from 331 dogs living in an endemic area in Portugal. The various pathogens and the seroprevalences were examined to determine the occurrence of, and thus infection risk, for vector-borne pathogens in popular travel destinations.

Results
4,681 dogs were examined serological for Leishmania infantum, Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis. Buffy coats were detected for Hepatozoon canis and blood samples were examined for microfilariae via the Knott's test. The samples were sent in from animal welfare organizations or private persons via veterinary clinics. Upon individual requests, dogs were additionally examined serological for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi and Rickettsia conorii. Overall B. canis was the most prevalent pathogen detected by antibody titers (23.4%), followed by L. infantum (12.2%) and E. canis (10.1%). Microfilariae were detected in 7.7% and H. canis in 2.7% of the examined dogs. In 332/1862 dogs A. phagocytophilum, in 64/212 B. burgdorferi and in 20/58 R. conorii was detected. Of the 4,681 dogs, in total 4,226 were imported to Germany from endemic areas. Eighty seven dogs joined their owners for a vacation abroad. In comparison to the laboratory data from Germany, we examined 331 dogs from Portugal. The prevalence of antibodies/ pathogens we detected was: 62.8% to R. conorii, 58% to B. canis, 30.5% to A. phagocytophilum, 24.8% to E. canis, 21.1% to H. canis (via PCR), 9.1% to L. infantum and 5.3% to microfilariae.


Conclusions
The examination of 4,681 dogs living in Germany showed pathogens like L. infantum that are non-endemic in Germany. Furthermore, the German data are similar in terms of multiple pathogen infection to the data recorded for dogs from Portugal. Based on these findings the importation of dogs from endemic predominantly Mediterranean regions to Germany as well as travelling with dogs to these regions carries a significant risk of acquiring an infection. Thus we would conclude that pet owners seek advice of the veterinarians prior to importing a dog from an endemic area or travel to such areas. In general, it might be advisable to have a European recording system for translocation of dogs.

Volledige tekst : http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/cont ... 5-3-34.pdf