Verschillende organismen zijn geassocieerd met doodgeboorte, waaronder veel bacteriën, virussen en protozoa.
In ontwikkelde landen,is bacteriële infectie meestal met organismen zoals Escherichia coli, groep B streptokokken en Ureaplasma urealyticum de meest voorkomende infectieuze oorzaak van doodgeboorte.
Echter, in gebieden waar syfilis heerst,kan tot maximaal de helft van alle doodgeboorte alleen door deze infectie veroorzaakt worden
Malaria kan een belangrijke oorzaak van doodgeboorte zijn bij vrouwen die voor de eerste keer in de zwangerschap besmet zijn.
De twee belangrijkste oorzaken van virale doodgeboorte zijn parvovirus en Coxsackie-virus, hoewel een aantal andere virale infecties ook oorzakelijk lijken.
Toxoplasma gondii, Listeria monocytogenes, en de organismen die oorzaak zijn van leptospirose, Q-koorts en ziekte van Lyme zijn allemaal betrokken als etiologie voor doodgeboorte
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009 Aug;14(4):182-9. Epub 2009 Mar 12. Links
Infection and stillbirth.
McClure EM, Goldenberg RL.
Department of Epidemiology, UNC Global School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Mcclure@rti.org
Infection may cause stillbirth by several mechanisms, including direct infection, placental damage, and severe maternal illness. Various organisms have been associated with stillbirth, including many bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. In developed countries, between 10% and 25% of stillbirths may be caused by an infection, whereas in developing countries, which have much higher stillbirth rates, the contribution of infection is much greater. In developed countries, ascending bacterial infection, both before and after membrane rupture, with organisms such as Escherichia coli, group B streptococci, and Ureaplasma urealyticum is usually the most common infectious cause of stillbirth. However, in areas where syphilis is prevalent, up to half of all stillbirths may be caused by this infection alone. Malaria may be an important cause of stillbirth in women infected for the first time in pregnancy. The two most important viral causes of stillbirth are parvovirus and Coxsackie virus, although a number of other viral infections appear to be causal. Toxoplasma gondii, Listeria monocytogenes, and the organisms that cause leptospirosis, Q fever, and Lyme disease have all been implicated as etiologic for stillbirth. In certain developing countries, the stillbirth rate is high and the infection-related component so great that achieving a substantial reduction in stillbirth should be possible by reducing maternal infections. However, because infection-related stillbirth is uncommon in developed countries, and because those that do occur are caused by a wide variety of organisms, reducing this etiologic component of stillbirth much further will be difficult.
PMID: 19285457
