Niek schreef:bij die muskieten in ieder geval. Borrelia spirochetes are very durable in mosquitos and infection rates are moderate to high in some areas. Research has also found that the spirochetes can be transmitted generationally from adult mosquitos through their eggs and that those spirochetes do survive in the newly hatched larvae. Lyme spirochetes have also been found to survive mosquito overwintering.
Uit welke studie komt dit? Ik zie graag de referenties wanneer er over studies wordt gesproken of studies worden geciteerd, vooral wanneer het een controversieel onderwerp betreft.
Niek schreef:ik weet niet wat je met 'aangetoond' bedoelt, bij veel zaken rond lyme kun je hooguit statistisch iets aannemelijk maken maar spijkerhard aantonen is nooit sprake van omdat gewoon veel te weinig bekend is en je allerlei zaken achteraf moeilijk kunt vaststellen
In het geval met die vlieg zou dan onder andere de vlieg onderzocht moeten worden op Borrelia (maar die vlieg is vast weggevlogen) en zou de huid op de plaats van de beet onderzocht moeten worden op Borrelia. Is dit gebeurd? (Ik weet niet over welke publicatie je het hebt)
Niek schreef:Het geval van besmetting via een mug is goed gedocumenteerd en men denkt dat de besmetting is opgetreden doordat de mug op het wondje werd doodgeslagen, omdat verder geen voorbeelden van besmetting bekend zijn.
Over welke publicatie hebben we het dan?
Dit noem ik "aangetoond":
http://www.lymeinfo.net/medical/LDSymptoms.pdfPregnancy/maternal-fetal transmission of Lyme
“It is clear that B. burgdorferi can be transmitted in the blood of infected pregnant women across the placenta into the fetus. This has now been documented with resultant congenital infections... Spirochetes can be recovered or seen in the infant’s tissues including the brain, spleen and kidney.” (1)
“There is no placental protection or barrier that protects the fetus from the spirochete once the microbe has entered the maternal bloodstream.”...
“It is documented that transplacental transmission of the spirochete from mother to fetus is possible.” [Includes photographs of Bb in fetal brain, kidney, myocardium, and placenta.] (2)
“We now demonstrate B. burgdorferi in the brain and liver of a newborn whose mother had been treated with oral penicillin for LB [Lyme borreli-osis]... The death of the newborn was probably due to a respiratory failure as a consequence of perinatal brain damage.” (4)
“We report a culture positive neonatal death occurring in California, a low endemic region. ...Bb was grown from a frontal cerebral cortex inoculation” (5)
“both humoral and cellular B. burgdorferi-specific responses can be detected in cord blood of previously infected neonates” (7)
(1) Clinical pathologic correlations of Lyme disease by stage.
Duray PH; Steere AC.
Annals NY Academy of Sciences, 539:65-79. 1988.
(2) Gestational Lyme borreliosis: implications for the fetus.
MacDonald AB.
Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America, 15(4):657-677. 1989.
(3) Maternal-fetal transmission of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi.
Schlesinger PA; Duray PH; Burke BA; Steere AC; Stillman MT.
Annals of Internal Medicine, 103(1):67-8. 1985.
(4) Borrelia burgdorferi in a newborn despite oral penicillin for Lyme borreliosis during pregnancy.
Weber K; Bratzke HJ; Neubert U; Wilske B; Duray PH.
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 7:286-9. 1988.
(5) Culture positive seronegative transplacental Lyme borreliosis infant mortality.
Lavoie PE; Lattner BP; Duray PH; Barbour AG; Johnson HC.
Arthritis Rheum, 30(4), 3(Suppl):S50. 1987.
(6) Clinical manifestations of Lyme disease in the United States.
Trock DH; Craft JE; Rahn DW.
Connecticut Medicine, 53(6). 1989.
(7) Immunologic aspects of Lyme borreliosis.
Dattwyler RJ; Volkman DJ; Luft BJ.
Rev Infect Dis, II(Suppl 6):S1494-98. 1989.
(8) Gestational Lyme disease as a rare cause of congenital hydrocephalus.
Onk G; Acun C; Kalayci M; Cagavi F; et al.
J Turkish German Gynecology Association Artemis, 6(2):156-157. 2005.
------------------------
Aditional Quotation
“In a prospective study of abortuses in an area endemic for Lyme disease, four cases of fetal borreliosis were described with B. burgdorferi isolated from fetal liver. This observation suggests that B. burgdorferi may be an etiologic agent in fetal demise of uncertain cause. The development of these infants warrants further observation, especially since in another spirochetal infection, congenital syphilis, abnormalities are not always evident at birth” (6)